Welcome to The Exciting World of Construction - Mud Jacking, Helical Piers and Foundation Underpinning. Lesson Six.   Mud jacking, and helical piers, and foundation underpinning... Oh My!   We aren’t taking you down the yellow brick road, but we are going to take you on our last journey in concrete learning. We’ve touched on a few uses of concrete in building foundations. From all appearances, it would seem as if a concrete foundation would be adamant against outside forces. All that rebar, wire, and tons of cement and rock would presumably stand the test of time. It doesn’t. While concrete has immense compressive strength (think about the crunch delivered from each step in a pair of heels), if the supporting soil is inadequate to evenly support a footing or slab, it can sag in some areas and snap like a pencil. Then What? Well…we fix it. But not like a wizard behind a curtain!  This is where mud jacking, helical piers, and foundation underpinning come into play. Mud jacking can magically lift entire concrete slabs with remarkable precision. Small 2” holes are drilled strategically around the slab, and a pump forces sandy mud through the holes and into the soil beneath to force the slab upward. Catch the video at the end to watch how this works!  Photo Credit: www.civiltoday.com Helical piers are drilled into the ground like a corkscrew on a long pole. The screw eventually engages with the bedrock and the top of the pole is used to lift against with a jack – pushing footings back into place. Used horizontally, they can prevent a footing from migrating downhill. Underpinning, loosely interpreted, is simply excavating beneath a failing footing and pouring more concrete below it to support it in place. We would love for UPSI to be the first place you “dream” of when you need concrete or foundation repairs. Our team of estimators and construction managers will make sure you are over the rainbow with your completed project.  No wizards at UPSI, just people who love to  problem solve for you!

Welcome back to The Exciting World of Construction. Slab-on-Grade. Riddle me this - You may drive on it; you see it everywhere you go, and you probably walk on it daily. What is it? If you were thinking of a Concrete Slab, you would be correct. For today’s lesson, we’re going to refer to this as “Slab-on-Grade.” But what is that? Well, we're glad you asked! What, in fact, is a slab on grade? While slab-on-grade is probably the most popular and easy to recognize form of concrete, it’s also likely the most unremarkable. We thought we might make up for that…with some remarks. When we think of concrete, slab-on-grade is typically what we envision in our minds. This form of concrete slab is used under a building, for sidewalks and driveways, and even highly engineered forms are used for highways.  Concrete is composed of Portland cement, sand, and gravel. When mixed with water and reenforced with steel, concrete is a highly versatile construction component. The durability of a concrete slab-on-grade is ideal for building, driving, and walking. In many parts of the country a concrete slab-on-grade is thickened at the perimeters for footings and becomes the foundation for homes and buildings. Assets of Slab-On-Grade Inexpensive to form and pour. Provides excellent resilience for commercial applications. Can be stamped and stained to mimic natural textures or architectural patterns . Liabilities of Slab-On-Grade Underground utilities are expensive to repair or replace in the future. Prone to cracking where soil is expansive or not compacted properly. Permeable to moisture. If improperly installed, water will seep up. This is just the surface of concrete knowledge. While there is much more to know about a concrete slab-on-grade, we know you have more important things to stay knowledgeable about on a daily basis. UPSI is here to manage your next concrete (or any other) project so you can focus on what you do best – whatever that may look like for you today.

Welcome back to The Exciting World of Construction. Concrete Composition and Failures. Lesson Two! You've heard the saying "...As boring as watching paint dry." But is it really? Is it boring to watch the color change and see the lines blend to display your beautiful new color and even coats? If watching paint dry is your thing, imagine the "chill" of watching concrete cure. First things first, what exactly is concrete? Follow us on quick journey through the world of concrete composition... Concrete is a general term for a mixture of fine aggregate (Sand), Coarse aggregate (Stone), Portland cement, and water. A Chemical reaction occurs as these are mixed which changes the mixture into a uniform composite. This transformation is called curing and the curing process, though initially rapid, takes nearly a month to be fully complete. Concrete has little tensile or bending strength.  Steel rebar is added as reinforcement. Cracks are not uncommon especially with flatwork such as sidewalks and driveways but do not necessarily indicate a “failure” of the system. Concrete has high compaction strength; thus, very heavy buildings are built on top of them. Modifying the combination of aggregates, cement, and water, plus an alphabet soup of other additives can improve the compressive strength. Now, let's see what failures you should look for in your concrete:  Spalling – When the surface of concrete “pops” off. Spalling - Photo Credit: https: // gsgdistribution.com/spalling-concrete-repair/ Efflorescence – When moisture moves through the concrete, evaporates off the surface, and leaves trace amounts of visible minerals (Typically white in color) on the surface. Efflorescence - Photo Credit: https://www.concreteconstruction.net Rust Jacking – When moisture enters the concrete, rusts the rebar, and then the expanding rust forces spalling or cracking of the concrete. Rust Jacking - Photo Credit: UPSI Project Stress Cracking – When movement (Often from expansive soil or seismic events) shears the concrete. Stress Cracking - Photo Credit: https://concretesupplyco.com/6-concrete-cracks/ ...Actually, this IS a failure of the system. You should probably call us soon! If you see any of this damage happening to your concrete, you know who to call! We are happy to give you a consultation to determine the best way to solve your concrete concerns.

Welcome to The Exciting World of Construction - Stucco Installation! Over the next few months, we'd like to share some of our thrilling knowledge with you.  Besides providing some of the most entertaining information you will hear today (wink, wink), our goal is to give you tools to make informed decisions while protecting your assets. While we find this picture to be fascinating, we know you may not enjoy it quite as much as we do. So, give us a few lines to explain what you are seeing. Your stucco should perform well. It may not have what it takes to make the cut on Broadway but how it performs on your building can make the difference between ducking tomatoes or taking a bow. Photo Credit - traditional-stucco3.jpg (600×400) ( esec-stucco.com ) Lath: Metal or plastic mesh, (or wood strips in legacy construction) that stabilize cement plaster. Lath is attached to the frame of a structure with screws or nails and the plaster is spread across the surface in multiple coats. Weep Screed: The lowest part of the stucco system - A continuous strip at the lower edge of a stucco wall, made of galvanized sheet metal, and designed to provide both a clean bottom edge, but perforated to provide an escape path for water that might penetrate the stucco system above. Coats: Scratch, Brown, and Finish coats - Scratch coat is the first and roughest coat designed to provide adhesion to the lath and begin to build thickness. Brown coat defines the final shape of the surface and continues to build thickness. Finish coat may have integral color or may require primer and paint and provides the final texture and aesthetic for the system. As always, UPSI is here to help you navigate any questions you have about your stucco and anything else that needs inspected, corrected, updated and added. We are here for you!

Welcome back to The Exciting World of Construction. Podium Slab Foundation Lesson Four. We trust what we walk on all the time, but do we know what’s really happening below our feet? UPSI does! And we are going to share our knowledge with you. We’ll spend a few months going over terms such as footing, pier, grade beam, slab-on-grade, and podium slab. That term, the Podium slab, has surfaced a lot lately with the SB-326 balcony inspections. (More about that at the end.) This has led to some interesting conversations (interesting to me anyway :) ) regarding building foundations. So, let’s start with an oversimplified explanation of the podium slab. Imagine a table with many legs. The legs are concrete and extend into the ground for some depth. The table top is also reinforced concrete.  The table top is your podium slab.  Those table legs are referred to commonly as piers.  The piers may sit on a footing or may have been drilled very deep down to bedrock. The piers rely on friction, the footing, and/or the bedrock to not sink and rely on the surrounding soil and bedrock to not rotate over... (think, that time as a kid you jumped up on your mom’s old end table and found yourself on the ground among a pile of antique firewood). The pier cap is a thickened section of concrete between the pier and the slab where the rebar reinforcement from the pier reaching up, engages with the rebar reinforcement of the slab, reaching down. There’s your podium slab.  On top of that podium slab will often be built many stories of retail, industrial, or residential space. So why does this relate to balcony inspections? The podium slab is strong enough to cantilever or hang over the edge of the piers. Often the architect will design a podium level balcony that is simply an extension of the podium slab. This balcony does extend out over open air but is an extension of the reinforced concrete podium slab. There is some discussion of whether those podium slab extensions should be inspected under SB-326.  While a more in-depth discussion of what is required for SB-326 inspection is something for another conversation, it is generally accepted that those slabs do not fall under the requirements set forth in SB-326 for inspecting balconies. Next month we’ll work to cement your understanding of these foundational ideas and reinforce the concrete principles we’ve already laid out. Until then, give me a call if you have any general constructions questions or problems at your community that we can solve for you!

Welcome back to The Exciting World of Construction. Steel Lesson Three. Steel yourselves...this is going to be a solid learning opportunity.   Steel is arguably the most important component of modern construction. Steel and glass high-rises may come to mind, but that's really not what we're hinting at here. Every wood wall is pinned together with steel nails, bolted to the foundation with steel bolts, and clings to the rafters with steel clips. Simpson Strong Tie Corporation struck gold by focusing in on Steel, namely all of the steel clips, straps, ties, bolts and frames that simplify and strengthen wood construction. But it's not just wood construction that is supplemented by steel. Tilt-up concrete walls, concrete slabs, retaining walls and podium slabs, reinforced block walls, brick walls, and stucco all benefit from the steel reinforcement buried within. But don't miss the trees for the forest. Besides the heavier steel, connections, and reinforcement, look no further than your kitchen cabinets. The door hinges, shelf pins and sinks are all steel. The power outlets, small and large appliances, and even the vinyl window over your sink all have an array of steel components. We could track aluminum, copper, and plastic the same way, but whether galvanized, stainless, malleable, or hardened -  Steel is King.